公共路标志、广告牌、街道名称、地名、商业店铺招牌以及政府公共建筑上的标志语合在一起，形成了一个特定领土、地区或城市群的“语言景观”。

“The language of public road signs, advertising billboards, street names, place names, commercial shop signs, and public signs on government buildings combines to form the linguistic landscape of a given territory, region, or urban agglomeration.” (Landry 和 Bourhis, 1997, p. 25)